Abstraction Health

Vitamin K2

Fat-Soluble Vitamin
🟡Moderate Evidence 15 expert mentions 20 studies
D·45/100·Limited
Research Depth25/25
Study Quality11/25
Expert Consensus9/25
Claim Support0/25

Directs calcium to bones and away from arteries. Works synergistically with Vitamin D3. MK-7 form has longest half-life.

Evidence comparisons not yet run for these claims.

Expert Consensus

Mixed opinionsPending review
2/5
Experts mention
1
Recommend
0
Flag caution
MH
Mark Hyman Recommends
Pending review12 claims
DS
Pending review3 claims

Evidence Summary

PubMed / NCBI·May 2026
All 20 studies
20
Studies
5
RCTs
12
Reviews

The research on Vitamin K2 spans several health domains, with the strongest and most consistent evidence focused on bone health, particularly in postmenopausal women. Multiple meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and RCTs collectively suggest that Vitamin K2 — especially in the form of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) — may help reduce bone loss, improve bone quality, and support skeletal health, often with greater effect when combined with Vitamin D and calcium. There is also emerging evidence for cardiovascular benefits, including improvements in arterial stiffness, though this area is less established. More preliminary evidence exists for applications in dermatology and symptom management such as nocturnal leg cramps.

Read full evidence summary →

Top studies

Efficacy of vitamin K2 in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Frontiers in public health · 2022 · Ma ML et al.
Meta-Analysis🟢
Key finding

Efficacy of vitamin K2 in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

COI: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
PMID: 36033779DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.979649
View on PubMed

The combination effect of vitamin K and vitamin D on human bone quality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Food & function · 2020 · Kuang X et al.
Meta-Analysis🟢
Key finding

The combination effect of vitamin K and vitamin D on human bone quality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

PMID: 32219282DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03063h
View on PubMed

Expert Mentions

All 15 mentions
MH
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Direct recommendation

if it came down to one or two nutrients D3 and K2 would be up there methyl folate would be right at the absolute top of the chart for me

Extracted claim

D3 and K2 are among the most important nutrients, ranking at the top alongside methylfolate.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
MH
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Direct recommendation

I would add probably to that a vitamin D3 or K2 yeah on that if you're if you're missing the basics then nothing else matters

Extracted claim

Adding a vitamin D3 and K2 supplement to a basic supplement routine is recommended for people who are missing the basics.

Not yet assessedMedium confidence

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Key findings

  • ·Meta-analyses and systematic reviews support Vitamin K2 supplementation for reducing bone loss and improving bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, particularly when combined with Vitamin D.
  • ·A 3-year RCT found that low-dose MK-7 supplementation helped decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women, suggesting benefits even at modest doses over extended periods.
  • ·RCTs in both healthy postmenopausal women and chronic hemodialysis patients found improvements in arterial stiffness with MK-7 supplementation, pointing to potential cardiovascular benefits.

Evidence gaps

  • ·Most studies focus on postmenopausal women or specific patient populations such as hemodialysis patients, leaving gaps in evidence for men, younger adults, and diverse demographics.
  • ·Optimal dosing, duration, and form of Vitamin K2 (e.g., MK-4 vs. MK-7) have not been firmly established, and no separate Recommended Daily Intake for K2 distinct from K1 has been widely adopted.
  • ·Evidence for applications outside bone and cardiovascular health — such as dermatology, leg cramps, and aortic valve calcification — is limited to single or small trials and requires larger, well-powered studies before conclusions can be drawn.